Each code snippet has been copied from htaccesselite. Additional and detailed info on each htaccess code snippet can be found at htaccessElite
Most of these snippets can be used with a Files or Filesmatch directive to only apply to certain files.
Make any file be a certain filetype (regardless of name or extension)
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#Makes image.gif, blah.html, index.cgi all act as php
ForceType application/x-httpd-php
Authentication Magic
Require password for 1 file:
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<Files login.php>
AuthName "Prompt"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /home/askapache.com/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
</Files>
Protect multiple files:
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<FilesMatch "^(exec|env|doit|phpinfo|w)*$">
AuthName "Development"
AuthUserFile /.htpasswd
AuthType basic
Require valid-user
</FilesMatch>
Example uses of the Allow Directive:
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# A (partial) domain-name
Allow from 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
# Full IP address
Allow from 10.1.2.3
# More than 1 full IP address
Allow from 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.205
# Partial IP addresses
# first 1 to 3 bytes of IP, for subnet restriction.
Allow from 10.1
Allow from 10 172.20 192.168.2
# network/netmask pair
Allow from 10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
# network/nnn CIDR specification
Allow from 10.1.0.0/16
# IPv6 addresses and subnets
Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea
Allow from 2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea/10
Using visitor dependent environment variables:
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SetEnvIf User-Agent ^KnockKnock/2\.0 let_me_in
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from env=let_me_in
Allow from apache.org but deny from foo.apache.org
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Order Allow,Deny
Allow from apache.org
Deny from foo.apache.org
Allow from IP address with no password prompt, and also allow from non-Ip address with password prompt:
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AuthUserFile /home/www/site1-passwd
AuthType Basic
AuthName MySite
Require valid-user
Allow from 172.17.10
Satisfy Any
block access to files during certain hours of the day
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# If the hour is 16 (4 PM) Then deny all access
RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR} ^16$
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L]
Redirect non-https requests to https server fixing double-login problem and ensuring that htpasswd authorization can only be entered using HTTPS
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SSLOptions +StrictRequire
SSLRequireSSL
SSLRequire %{HTTP_HOST} eq "google.com"
ErrorDocument 403 https://google.com
SEO Friendly redirects for bad/old links and moved links
For single moved file
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Redirect 301 /d/file.html http://www.htaccesselite.com/r/file.html
For multiple files like a blog/this.php?gh
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RedirectMatch 301 /blog(.*) http://www.askapache.com/$1
different domain name
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Redirect 301 / http://www.newdomain.com
Require the www
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Redirect everyone to different site except 1 IP address (useful for web-development)
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ErrorDocument 403 http://www.someothersite.com
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 24.33.65.6
CHMOD your files
chmod .htpasswd files 640
chmod .htaccess files 644
chmod php files 600
chmod files that you really don't want people to see as 400
NEVER chmod 777, if something requires write access use 766
Variable (mod_env) Magic
Set the Timezone of the server:
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SetEnv TZ America/Indianapolis
Set the Server Administrator Email:
SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@site.com
Turn off the ServerSignature
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ServerSignature Off
Add a "en" language tag and "text/html; UTF-8" headers without meta tags
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AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
# Or AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' html
DefaultLanguage en-US
Use a custom php.ini
Detailed instructions for doing this whether you are using php as a cgi or the apache module mod_php
Securing directories: Remove the ability to execute scripts
Heres a couple different ways I do it
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AddHandler cgi-script .php .pl .py .jsp .asp .htm .shtml .sh .cgi
Options -ExecCGI
This is cool, you are basically categorizing all those files that end in those extensions so that they fall under the jurisdiction of the -ExecCGI command, which also means -FollowSymLinks (and the opposite is also true, +ExecCGI also turns on +FollowSymLinks)
Only allow GET and PUT request methods to your server.
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Options -ExecCGI -Indexes -All
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK|OPTIONS|HEAD) RewriteRule .* - [F]
Processing All gif files to be processed through a cgi script
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Action image/gif /cgi-bin/filter.cgi
Process request/file depending on the request method
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Script PUT /cgi-bin/upload.cgi
Force Files to download, not be displayed in browser
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AddType application/octet-stream .avi
AddType application/octet-stream .mpg
Then in your HTML you could just link directly to the file..
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<a href="/movies/mov1.avi">Download Movie1</a>
And then you will get a pop-up box asking whether you want to save the file or open it.
Show the source of dynamic files
If you'd rather have .pl, .py, or .cgi files displayed in the browser as source rather than be executed as scripts, simply create a .htaccess file in the relevant directory with the following:
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RemoveHandler cgi-script .pl .py .cgi
Dramatically Speed up your site by implementing Caching!
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# MONTH
<FilesMatch "\.(flv|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|ico|swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000"
</FilesMatch>
# WEEK
<FilesMatch "\.(js|css|pdf|txt)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800"
</FilesMatch>
# DAY
<FilesMatch "\.(html|htm)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=43200"
</FilesMatch>
Prevent Files image/file hotlinking and bandwidth stealing
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?askapache.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg|swf|flv|png)$ http://www.askapache.com/legal.gif [R=302,L]
ErrorDocuments
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ErrorDocument 404 /favicon.ico
ErrorDocument 403 https://secure.htaccesselite.com
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ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 400 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 401 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 403 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 405 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 406 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 409 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 413 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 414 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/error.php
ErrorDocument 501 /cgi-bin/error.php
Note: You can also do an external link, but don't do an external link to your site or you will cause a loop that will hurt your SEO.
Heres the full list..
Page 1: For Webmasters
When site is ‘Under Construction’
Redirect everyone to different site except 1 IP
Redirect everyone to different site except 1 IP
Redirect Everyone but you to alternate page on your server.
Set the Timezone of the server
Set the Server Administrator Email
Turn off the ServerSignature
Force Files to download, do not display in browser
Process All .gif files with a cgi script
Process Requests with certain Request Methods
Make any file be a certain filetype
Use IfModule directive for robust code
Page 2: Custom HTTP Headers
Prevent Caching 100%
Remove IE imagetoolbar without meta tag
Add Privacy (P3P) Header to your site
Add a ‘en-US’ language header and ‘UTF-8′ without meta tags!
Using AddType
Using the Files Directive
Using the FilesMatch Directive
Page 3: PHP htaccess tips
When php run as CGI
Use a custom php.ini with mod_php or php as a cgi
When php run as Apache Module (mod_php)
When cgi php is run with wrapper (FastCGI)
Page 4: SEO Search Engine Friendly Redirects without mod_rewrite
For single moved file
Redirect Home to new Domain
For multiple files like a blog/this.php?gh
Redirect Entire site to single file
Page 5: mod_rewrite tips and tricks
Mostly .htaccess rewrite examples should begin with:
Check for a key in QUERY_STRING
Removes the QUERY_STRING from the URL
Fix for infinite loops
Require the www
Require no www
Redirect .php files to .html files (SEO friendly)
Redirect .html files to actual .php files (SEO friendly)
block access to files during certain hours of the day
Rewrite underscores to hyphens for SEO URL
Require the www without hardcoding
Require no subdomain
Require no subdomain
Redirecting Wordpress Feeds to Feedburner
Only allow GET and PUT request methods
Prevent Files image/file hotlinking and bandwidth stealing
Stop browser prefetching
Make a prefetching hint for Firefox.
Page 6: Speed up your site with Caching and cache-control
htaccess time cheatsheet
Caching with both mod_expires + mod_headers
Caching with mod_headers
Caching with mod_expires
Page 7: Apache Authentication in htaccess
Require password for 1 file only
Protect multiple files:
Using the Apache Allow Directive in htaccess
network/netmask pair
IP address
More than 1 IP address
Partial IP addresses, first 1 to 3 bytes of IP, for subnet restriction
network/nnn CIDR specification
IPv6 addresses and subnets
Deny subdomains
Allow from IP without password prompt, and also allow from any address with password prompt
Skeleton .htaccess file to start with
Page 8: Security with Apache htaccess
CHMOD your files
Prevent access to .htaccess and .htpasswd files
Show Source Code instead of executing
Securing directories: Remove the ability to execute scripts
ErrorDocuments
Common STATUS Codes and ErrorDocument Implementations
When using CGI PHP, php 404 Error example
An example 404 Error page in perl cgi
ErrorDocuments generated by Apache
Page 9: SSL example usage in htaccess
Redirect non-https requests to https server
Rewrite non-https to HTTPS without mod_ssl!
Based on HTTPS variable (best)
Based on SERVER_PORT
Redirect everything served on port 80 to HTTPS URI
Redirect particular URLs to a secure version in an SSL SEO method
Check to see whether the HTTPS environment variable is set
Rewrite to SSL or NON-SSL using relative URL!
Page 10: Apache Variable fun (mod_env)
Using visitor dependent environment variables:
Special Purpose Environment Variables
SetEnvIf
SetEnvIfNoCase Example
SetEnvIfNoCase Example 2
Glossary